How to use a fire extinguisher: the PASS system explained

Fire extinguishers are designed for specific types of fire, and incorrect use can reduce effectiveness or even increase risk. For this reason, basic training and awareness are key components of fire safety.

To help users remember the correct method, the use of a fire extinguisher is often summarised using the PASS system. This simple acronym outlines the four key steps required to operate an extinguisher safely and effectively.

The first step is to pull the pin from the extinguisher. This releases the locking mechanism and allows the extinguisher to be activated. Without removing the pin, the extinguisher will not operate.

Once the extinguisher is ready, aim the nozzle at the base of the fire rather than the flames. Targeting the base is essential, as this is where the fuel source is located. By addressing the source of the fire, the extinguishing agent can work more effectively.

Squeezing the lever releases the extinguishing agent. As each extinguisher contains a limited supply, it is important to use it in a controlled and deliberate way. Applying steady pressure ensures the agent is distributed effectively without being wasted.

While maintaining a safe distance, sweep the nozzle from side to side across the base of the fire. This helps to cover the entire affected area and ensures the extinguishing agent is applied evenly.

As the fire begins to reduce, you may need to adjust your position slightly while continuing to direct the agent at the base.

Even after a fire appears to be out, there is a risk of re-ignition. It is advisable to remain at a safe distance and monitor the area for a short period to ensure the fire does not reignite.

If any signs of re-ignition occur, the extinguisher can be used again if it is safe to do so.